Candy Coffee Filter Chromatography

You can do paper chromatography using a coffee filter to separate the pigments in colored candies, like Skittles or MM candy. This is a safe home experiment, great for all ages. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: about an hour Candy Chromatography Materials Basically, you need colored candies, a coffee filter or other porous paper, and salt water for this project. Skittles or MM candiesCoffee filterTall glassWaterTable saltPencilToothpicksPlate or foilPitcher or empty 2-liter bottleMeasuring cups/spoons Procedure Coffee filters usually are round, but its easier to compare your results if the paper is square. So, your first task is to cut the coffee filter into a square. Measure and cut a 3x3 (8x8 cm) square from a coffee filter.Using a pencil (ink from a pen would run, so pencil is better), draw a line 1/2 (1 cm) from the edge of one side of the paper.Make six pencil dots (or however many colors of candy you have) along this line, about 1/4 (0.5 cm) apart. Underneath each dot, label the color of the candy you will test on that spot. You wont have space to write the whole color name. Try B for blue, G for green, or something equally easy.Space 6 drops of water (or however many colors you are testing) equally distant on a plate or piece of foil. Position one candy of each color on the drops. Give the color about a minute to come off into the water. Pick up the candy and eat it or throw it away.Dip a toothpick into a color and dab the color onto the pencil dot for that color. Use a clean toothpi ck for each color. Try to keep each dot as small as possible. Allow the filter paper to dry, then go back and add more color to each dot, a total of three times, so you have lots of pigment in each sample.When the paper is dry, fold it in half with the color sample dots on the bottom. Ultimately, you are going to stand this paper up in a salt solution (with the liquid level lower than the dots) and capillary action is going to draw the liquid up the paper, through the dots, and toward the upper edge of the paper. The pigments will become separated as the liquid moves.Prepare the salt solution by mixing 1/8 teaspoon of salt and three cups of water (or 1 cm3 of salt and 1 liter of water) in a clean pitcher or 2-liter bottle. Stir or shake the solution until it is dissolved. This will produce a 1% salt solution.Pour the salt solution into a clean tall glass so that the liquid level is 1/4 (0.5 cm). You want the level to be below the sample dots. You can check this by holding the paper up against the outside of the glass. Pour out a little salt solution if the level is too high. Once the level is correct, stand the filter paper inside the glass, with the dot side down and the edge of the paper wetted by the salt solution.Capillary action will draw the salt solution up the paper. As it passes through the dots, it will begin to separate the dyes. You will notice some candy colors contain more than one dye. The dyes separate because some dyes are more likely to stick to the paper, while other dyes have a higher affinity for the salt water. In paper chromatography, the paper is called the stationary phase and the liquid (salt water) is called the mobile phase.When the salt water is 1/4 (0.5 cm) from the top edge of the paper, remove it from the glass and place it on a clean, flat surface to dry.When the coffee filter is dry, compare the results of chromatography for the different candy colors. Which candies contained the same dyes? These are the candies that have corr esponding bands of color. Which candies contained multiple dyes? These are the candies that had more than one band of color. Can you match any of the colors with the names of the dyes listed on the ingredients for the candies? Further Experimentation: You can try this experiment with markers, food coloring, and powdered drink mixes. You can compare the same color of different candies, too. Do you think the pigments in green MMs and green Skittles are the same? How can you use paper chromatography to find the answer?What do you expect to happen if you use a different type of paper, such as a paper towel or a different brand of coffee filter? How do you explain the results?

Fraud and Highest Embezzlement Case - 1938 Words

Embezzlement: Attempting to Find the Easy Way Out Name School Envy and greed has existed since the beginning of time. Maybe we are born with those traits or maybe we are taught through life’s lessons. The rich are perceived as having a carefree un-stress-filled life. The reality shows and news stories of the wealthy buying yachts, taking lavish vacations with their Barbie doll mate, summer homes that are actually castles and extravagant parties. The rest of the world seems to be the servants of the wealthy. How can society not be envious or greedy to obtain what the few have in their life? Part of society is happy with their position in life; just being able to pay the bills, and take care of their family is what drives them.†¦show more content†¦(Marquet, 2010) Ricardo Carrasco, a Uruguayan national, was able to embezzle $97.7 million from the BankBoston Corp located in Boston Massachusetts. As the same as the Beesemyer’s case, officials were unable to determine the length of the fraud. He was uncovered in 1998 at the age of 41. Yet, Carrasco suspected that the bank officials finally caught on to him, so he went into hiding. Carrasco started his association with the BankBoston Corp in 1977 at the Uruguayan branch. In 1998, the bank transferred him the Boston location. Carrasco executed fraudulent loans to an Oldemar Laborda in Argentina. Oldemar Laborda has been known for having a highly suspicious past. The FDIC ordered Carrasco to repay $73 million. The bank wrote off $66 million and even offered a $10,000 reward for information leading to his arrest. But to this day, he remains a fugitive. (Marquet, 2010) The Chief Operating Officer of Tenens Corp., dba Essex Street Associates of Beverly Massachusetts embezzled for seven years the amount of $72.3 million. John Doorly started with the company as a clerk, and with hard work, was able to rise to the CFO position. The clients trusted him, the company trusted him. In the seven years, he transferred assets from the clients trust accounts to his own personal accounts. Doorly established personal credit cards that the company unknowing paid for. He even overcharged clients in the excess of $61Show MoreRelatedWhite Collar Crime1407 Words   |  6 Pagescrime is defined as various crimes, as embezzlement, fraud, or stealing office equipment, committed by business or professional people while working. Generally the person accused of a white collar crime is someone of high prestige. White-collar crime is a broad term that encompasses many types of nonviolent criminal offenses involving fraud and illegal financial transactions. White-collar crimes include bank fraud, bribery, blackmail, counterfeiting, embezzlement, forgery, insider trading, money launderingRead MoreCrime And Corruption Within The Global Banking Systems1654 Words   |  7 Pages-Andrew Jackson Recent Fraud by Bankers: In more recent cases, fraudulent acts committed by bank employees can account for millions stolen from the bank’s clients. This could include acts of embezzlement and securities fraud. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reported one such case late last year where an investment adviser at a global financial institution based in New Your City, by the name of Michael Oppenheim, pled guilty to embezzlement and securities fraud. He used his positionRead MoreCrime and Punishment: Intent Makes the Difference Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pageswishes. The man was sentenced to jail for the crime of Euthanasia. In some mercy killing cases the dependent were prosecuted and sentenced to jail while others were sentenced to probation. Is it ok to allow someone to suffer or help them pass peacefully? Unfortunately I don’t think that question will ever get answered. Euthanasia is very difficult for society and the courts to determine an outcome because each case is different an d unique. The opposite of Euthanasia is Manslaughter. Manslaughter isRead MoreOccupational Fraud : A Glance At Asset Misappropriation And Other Types Of Organisational Fraud Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages II. OCCUPATIONAL FRAUD – A glance at Asset Misappropriation and other types of organisational fraud Now that we have tolerably defined ‘fraud’, we can move on to explain ‘Occupational Fraud’ which is an internal fraud i.e. generally committed by employees/members associated with an organisation, and more closely related to corporate governance. Occupational Fraud is defined as: â€Å"The use of one’s occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employingRead MoreFraud Deterrence, Detection And Prevention796 Words   |  4 PagesFraud Deterrence, Detection and Prevention Within XYZ Company in the past year, three fraud incidents have occurred that have resulted in a cumulative loss of $5.9 million with additional losses yet to be determined. The fraud occurred with inventory, purchasing and receivables. The Board of Directors has directed management to outline a comprehensive plan to prevent future fraud. Preventing fraud is the responsibility of top management, middle management, the internal audit team, corporate securityRead MoreCase Study Questions On Human Resources Management Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management – HCA 5163 Study Questions and Case Study Response Healthcare Compliance Concepts Understanding 1) What is the first step in developing a compliance program? a. The first step in developing a compliance program is to determine what policies and procedures are most relevant for ones organizations. 2) Name three sources that might be useful in developing a compliance work program. a. Federal Register Program Guidance b. State and Federal Laws c. CMS Website 3) WhatRead MoreMgmt 330 Mid Term Study Guide966 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ Constitutional Speech (Personal and Corporate) * (personal); afforded highest protection by the Courts. Balance must be struck between a government’s obligation to protect its citizens versus a citizen’s right to speech. In other words, if government suppresses speech it must be to protect the citizens. EX. Don’t yell fire in a crowded area. See below. * If restriction is content neutral, restrictions must target some societal problem – not to primarily suppress the message. Read MoreInternal Control Of Nigerian Banking Sector1323 Words   |  6 Pagesprevent and detect fraud in Nigerian banking sectors. The first section of the findings contains the first objectives of this research which is to find out the employee knowledge based on the concept of fraud in banking sector. Therefore, According Biegelman, Martin T, (2013) said The penchant for extortion happens when three basic components meet up; intention, opportunity, and rationalization each of these components is fundamental and interrelated all together for a man to commit fraud and the nonappearanceRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1431 Words   |  6 Pagescomplete opposites of each other. They are white collar crimes and street crimes. White collar crimes are considered nonviolent crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his/her occupation such as fraud, embezzlement, or bribery. On the other hand, street crimes are any criminal offen se in a public place which can be robbery or burglary. There are many barriers proving the acceptability of one over the other. Lack of awareness, lack of education, and socialRead MoreRichard Nixon Essay628 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Oval Office with an intern half his age. Nixon never tampered with witnesses who could testify to such an affair. Nixon never sent his wife on national television to blame all his problems on a vast left-wing conspiracy--although a much better case couldve been made - the Left wing media loathed Nixon ever since he uncovered Alger Hiss in 1948. Nixon never sold nuclear missile technology to the Communist Chinese in exchange for illegal campaign contributions. They have a word for that; it is

Advertising and Older Consumers Image and Ageism Free Essays

In past years the market that most advertisers aimed towards was the Gen X group. Now many advertisers are shooting at the even younger Generation Y. The interesting thing is that many of these products advertised are items that all generations use, such as food, soft drinks, clothing, cars, entertainment, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and Older Consumers: Image and Ageism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rarely are older generations revealed using these products in print ads or commercials. The Issue: This creates the issue to advertisers that they stereotype older generations and reinforce society’s misconception that people over 50 are feeble, pitiable, or incompetent. In many cases advertisers do just this. Remember the commercial for Lifecall emergency alert device in the early 90’s where the elderly Ms. Fletcher fell in her bathroom and, while lying there helpless, she calls out, â€Å"I’ve fallen and I can’t get up.† Despite the importance of this product to seniors who live alone, the commercial quickly became the brunt of many jokes, including skits on Saturday Night Live and the Tonight Show. Could Lifecall have designed a better advertising campaign that would not have alienated or mocked its target market? This brings up the question of whether advertisers have a responsibility to change the mindset that being over 50 is old? Are they responsible to change the way society views 50+? Can they even change society’s views of 50+? Absolutely! By utilizing cross-generational advertising, marketers can benefit the consumers, companies, advertisers, and society as a whole. The Stakeholders: 50+ Consumers – The nature of the 50+ age group is rapidly changing. Humans are living longer and are more active than ever before. They don’t feel old and feeble, so why would they want to support product advertising that makes them appear weak and vulnerable? They don’t. Advertisers/Corporations – Advertising is the primary source that companies use to inform and educate the public about their product while influencing consumers to purchase it. In the past marketers have primarily advertised towards younger generations because they have more impulsive buying behaviors. Also, according to the case, many executives in the marketing field are from younger generations; therefore, they create advertising campaigns with which they can identify. Society – The overall public, including the target market, views marketing campaigns. Almost everyone has access to publications and television that contain advertising directed at specific groups. For example, children watch the programs their parent’s watch and parents watch children’s programming. We are all exposed to advertising that might or might not be directed towards our generational market and it influences our opinions about those groups. Utilitarianism Theory: Cross-generational advertising is a method of marketing that illustrates many generations using the same products without segregating or degrading any generational groups. This will produce the greatest long-term benefits to the most number of stakeholders. First, using models from Generation Y through the GI Generation will create awareness and a better understanding of age diversity in the consumer market. In turn, stereotypes of older generations will be broken. This could lead to a social and economic breakthrough. Older generations will feel more accepted in society and will have the urge to be more active. As they become more active, greater consumer spending is generated which benefits the corporation’s overall profits and its stockholders. Free Market Theory: According to the IPC Magazine survey identified in the case, 62% of women prefer to see women their own age advertising products towards them1. In addition the over-50 age groups claim the majority of wealth and generate over 51% of consumer spending in the United States2 (see Graph). If companies would advertise using over-50 models and actors, brand recognition would be established because the older consumers would identify with the advertisement and therefore purchase the product. If you look at this from a company’s perspective, there is a substantial market vying for cross-generational advertising. Since the company exists to make money for its shareholders, what would be better than to target the market that possesses the greatest wealth and majority of consumer spending? Rights Theory: Companies have the right to advertise their products to the target markets of their choice. At the same time the consumer has a right to be informed without being misled or deceived. In many cases the messages that advertisements relay give consumers misperceptions about a particular generational group. For example, the majority of pharmaceuticals are advertised using 50+ models. Rarely are these models used for products such as apparel, soft drinks, or new cars. This gives the general public the misconception that anyone over 50 is sick, weak, and unable to use the products that â€Å"everyone† else uses. Justice Theory: When reviewing ageism in advertising, the over-50 population is treated less equitably. A cross-generational marketing strategy would allow 50+ models to advertise everyday products while still appealing to younger markets. This would compensate for past injustices to older generations by finally giving them an accurate portrayal in the media. Marketing campaigns could also incorporate models from different generations to distribute equal time and equal representation in advertising. In the end, future retribution will be given to millions of older Americans as age discrimination in the media is diminished. Social Contract Theory: In the end, advertisers need to gain the trust of their consumers. As long as they continue to mock older generations or ignore them all together, they run the risk of â€Å"punitive reactions – consumer boycott, regulation, media hostility, financial loss, and above all loss of reputation1.† They also owe society a picture of reality when it comes to the aging population. The Baby Boomer generation, with a population of 76 million, is the largest and most economically powerful demographic group in the US3. As a majority of this group has already passed the 50-year mark and the rest are soon to follow, an accurate depiction of our modern day aging process is needed because eventually everyone will pass through these same life stages. How to cite Advertising and Older Consumers: Image and Ageism, Papers

Statistical Analysis and Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Statistical Analysis and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction Statistical analysis is plays an important role in the process of decision making. For any type of data set, we use the statistical analysis for the different variables for finding the facts regarding data. Here, we have to analyze the data regarding the two variables sunshine and sunlight for the Liverpool city in United Kingdom. We have to use the descriptive statistics for these variables for the data for the sunshine and sunlight from the year 1981. The descriptive statistics gives us general idea about the nature of data. Also, we have to use the scatter diagrams for finding the relationship between the two variables. Also we have to use testing of hypothesis for checking the different claims regarding the variables included in the data set. We have to use the Mann-Whitney test for median, two sample t test for the population means for checking the significant difference between the two medians and means. Let us see this statistical analysis in detail given as below: Objectives An objective for this study is to use of descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis for making decisions about the variables included in the study. Also, by using the different techniques of testing of hypothesis we have to check the different claims given as below: Is there any significant difference between the two medians? Is there any significant difference between the two means? Statistical Analysis From the scatter diagram, it is observed that there is a positive relationship exists between the average monthly sunshine hours and average monthly sunlight hours. The average sunshine hours for the February month is given as 65.15 with the standard deviation of 3.54 while the average sunlight hours for the February month is given as 73.85 with the standard deviation of 4.84. From the comparison of the above two seven year moving average plots, it is observed that there is a larger variation for the sunshine data than the sunlight data. Also, the prediction line shows that there is more variation in the sunshine data than the sunlight data. The overall pattern for the sunshine and sunlight data has the same pattern of variation and this facts show that there is a relationship between the sunshine data and sunlight data. The Mann-Whitney test is used for checking the significant difference between the medians. The test is significant at 5% level of significance. This means we conclude that there is a significant difference between the medians of the hours of sunshine. Two sample t test for population means is used for checking the significant difference between the population means. For this test we get the p-value as 0.00, so the test is significant at 5% level of significance. So, we conclude that there is a significant difference between the means of the hours of sunshine. Results are always sensitive for the observations included in the data set and if any artificial errors occur in the data then this may impact on the results of the hypothesis tests used for checking the claims. Due to these observations the values for the mean, standard deviations would be change and this will results into increasing or decreasing the value of test statistics and P-value. We take the decision based on the P-value and this fact bias out results regarding the null hypothesis. So, it is important to avoid these types of errors in the data set for research studies. The chi square test for independence is used for investigating the preferences on the alternative uses of farmland for the Biofuels for transport, Photovoltaic arrays and Wind turbines. For this test we get the p-value = 0.00 approximately which is less than alpha value or level of significance 0.05, so we reject the null hypothesis that two categorical variables are independent. This means we conclude that two categorical variables are not independent. Conclusions The average sunshine hours for the February month is given as 65.15 with the standard deviation of 3.54 while the average sunlight hours for the February month is given as 73.85 with the standard deviation of 4.84. We conclude that there is a significant difference between the medians of the hours of sunshine. We conclude that there is a significant difference between the means of the hours of sunshine. The chi square test for independence for investigating the preferences on the alternative uses of farmland for the Biofuels for transport, Photovoltaic arrays and Wind turbines shows that two categorical variables are not independent. References Casella, G. and Berger, R. L. (2002). Statistical Inference. Duxbury Press. Cox, D. R. and Hinkley, D. V. (2000). Theoretical Statistics. Chapman and Hall Ltd. Degroot, M. and Schervish, M. (2002). Probability and Statistics. Addison - Wesley.